Category: Featured Articles Sept – Oct 2018

Treasury secretary Henry Rotich’s 2018/2019 budget proposals are like no other since Independence. Although his intentions were to stimulate manufacturing and create jobs, he may have inadvertentlyput himself in a corner where labour unions and the poor will use him as a punching bag.

Perhaps he needed data to decide what to tax. Not too long ago, Kenyans took to the streets seeking affordable unga (flour) to which the government responded with subsidies. In the past month, farmers in North Rift were on the streets protesting against unknown people who have flooded the local market with cheap foreign maize leaving farmers to suffer with huge inventory.

Corruption allegations at the National Cereals and Produce Board are yet to be resolved. There is no logic in undermining farmers then asking them to tighten their belts and pay tax. They will have no option but to protest in the streets as they have done in the past month.

Salvaging Tomato Production in Kenya from the Menace of Pest and Diseases. The case of– Tuta Absoluta and Fusarium wilt root-knot nematode complex.

Why tomato?
Tomato is one of the most important vegetables grown in Kenya. It plays a critical role in income generation and creation of employment for both rural and urban populations, in addition to meeting food nutritional requirements. Tomato is a nutritious vegetable that provides good quantities of vitamins A and C.

Tomatoes are used in many cooking recipes or as a fresh item in combination with salads. Tomatoes are grown for the domestic market under both rain-fed and irrigated conditions. Due to the high demand for tomato, farmers have extensively adopted high yielding varieties and modern technologies like greenhouse production to ensure year round increased production. Commercial farming of this important crop is however under immense threat from pests and disease, mainly Fusarium wilt, Nematode complex and the Tuta absoluta (tomato leafminer). Some farmers have reported yield losses of up-to 80-100 % per growing season.

Thrips represent probably the number one pest in ornamentals, not only in Kenya but also globally. If we were to ask a Kenya rose grower what was number one pest, ten – fifteen years ago this would have been definitely red spider mite. However, spider mite control has moved on. Now we have predatory mites Phytoseiulus persimilis and Amblysieus californicus, we have biopesticides like Achieve and finally we have the organosilicon physical action sprays. These products have transformed the control of spider mite in Kenya. So where are we with thrips and why is this pest seemingly such an intractable problem.

Born and brought up in othaya sub county, Nyeri county. Mr. Simon Kihungu completed his Primary and Secondary School education successfully. In 2003, he joined JKUAT where he pursued BSC in horticulture degree course and graduated in 2007 then joined Bayer East Africa Ltd immediately after completing his undergraduate studies. Upon joining Bayer East Africa Ltd, he started as a product promoter in charge of Nyeri, Laikipia East and the central parts of Murang’a. He then moved to Coast as the area sales representative for the region and one year later joined the floriculture sector. He speaks to Floriculture Magazine on his daily challenges

Briefly discuss the challenges you go through daily? What would you point out as your strongest attribute that has made you succeed?
Just like any other job, there are common challenges that do occur in the line of duty. However, with the support from my company and good relationship and support from my clients, together we succeed.

What should growers consider before choosing a variety?

When you have paid attention to the market, location, disease susceptibility and vase life have been considered. The following additional actions should be taken by the grower: soil testing, water test, rainfall amount measurement, temperature measurements and consideration of variety trials and data available on a given variety of interest plays a very important role.

Market
Flower business just like any other business starts from the customers’ end; this involves a detailed research by the grower to understand and decide if he/she will grow for premium or retail markets. Premium markets focus on the auctions and high-end florists and their requirements differ from those in retail. For instance, premium markets need a 5cm head size flower and above while retail markets demand 4 cm and above.

Currently more than 300 types of boxes are used; there’s a great variety in box sizes and quality, and that brings along a lot of challenges.

Standard freight pricing is based on weight rather than volume. However very light loads take up much more space than their share of weight load, and would otherwise be unprofitable to ship.

A shipment’s dimensional weight is calculated by dividing its volume (units × length × width × height) by a “dim factor”. The lower the dim factor the greater the dimensional weight.

The greater of actual weight and dimensional weight becomes the shipment’s chargeable weight (aka billable weight). Light loads are charged by dimensional weight, heavier loads are charged by actual weight. The threshold depends on volume and the dim factor used.

There are some standards for calculating dimensional weight, but they are not universal for all modes of transport, carriers, countries, or customers.

Transportation of the Kenyan flowers is far more carbon intensive and levels out the difference, but it’s still clear that Kenyan rose production is greenest: the entire process was calculated to be six times more carbon efficient than the Netherlands, when transport to Europe was included

Increasing energy efficiency and renewable energy use in the Netherlands is forecast to close this gap in the future, but there is still a long way to go. Exact figures from the study can be found in the table below, which show the CO2eq emissions from comparable flower farms.

By Anthony Songoro

What is Sivanto Prime?
Sivanto Prime is the latest insecticide from Bayer Crop Science for the control of important sucking insects that fits perfectly in sustainable growing systems. Sivanto Prime protects your crop against a wide range of insects, such as whiteflies, aphids, and thrips and is effective against both nymphs / larvae and adult stages. Sivanto Prime has a fast activity and is absorbed by the leaf, after which the active substance moves in the direction of the juice flow. Also key, the mode of action of the active substance flupyradifurone, makes Sivanto Prime an asset in resistance management strategies.

Naivasha Horticultural Fair, one of the industry’s biggest event of the year always brings great revealations-including lots of tips and tricks for succesful business. This year, serious exhibitors must add a new layer of context to their portfolio, by examining all their products from the user point of view, or as they call it, persona.

In order to be able to answer unfulfilled needs in the market, and to bring true innovation, exhibitors must understand that they have to work outside the box. Whether it’s on the retail level, bouquet company or even the end consumer, there are different tendencies and tastes, and they need to address each and every one of them in the best possible way. Succesful exhibitors need a new framework which is based on 3 main personas: the classic, the trendy and the naïve. Each represents a type of user, a unique style and preferences. By observing the persona, not just the agronomical characteristics, they will be able to screen their product pipe-line from a different perspective, and find more, new solutions for market special needs.

By Benson Kibiru

We are alive at critical time where climate change is real. Generally, it has become a challenge for the farming fraternity to plan events because of the unpredictable weather patterns. As a result, for the agripreneurs, some has closed shops while others irrigation has been made inescapable. However, surface water is also unavailable in adequate amounts, making ground water an obvious choice.

Irrigation water for both greenhouse and field crops must be analysed and quality determined before use. The groundwater level is a key indicator for evaluating spatial and temporal changes in groundwater environments. The groundwater level is influenced by various factors. Climate change, as reflected in precipitation and evaporation rates, influences the groundwater level fluctuation and quality. Numerous studies have revealed groundwater salinity changed with the fluctuation of groundwater level whereby low salinity is recorded in wet season and increases to maximum levels during the dry season. It is for this reason, knowledge of hydrological processes and their effect on the ground water quality is essential.